www.Ideotopos.gr


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? ? ? ??‘?…?„? � ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½: ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚, ���?‚ ��� ��?„�?‚ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���, ��?ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� ��?…?ƒ?Ž?€ï¿½?„� ?ƒï¿½?„�?ï¿½ ��� ?„�?…?‚ ������?„���??‚ �� ���?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‡?ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ��?ï¿½?‚ ��?‚. ?•���� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½??ƒï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?”��?„�, ?Œ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?„�?†ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ��?„�?‡?…??Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ��� ������?„��? �?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?„���?ï¿½ ?„�� ������� ?„�?‚ �?€?Œï¿½?…?„�?‚ ��?����?‚ (...�� ?„?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‡?‰?‚ �?ï¿½? �?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?„� �� �?€ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚...) ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ ������?„���� �?€ï¿½?„���?ï¿½ ?„� ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„��?Œ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„?Žï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �����?„�?ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ �?…�����?‚ ?„�?…?‚. (�?‚ � ��?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?…��?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?„???ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� �� �?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ��?… ?„�?… ?„� ������� ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ������...)
? ? ? ??— ���� ��?‡ï¿½?„���� ?ƒ?…���?„�?„�� ��� ?ƒ?„� ����?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?•?€ï¿½?ƒ?„������??‚ ?•?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‚, ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…������?ƒ?„��??‚ ������?‚ ���?„��?„��?„��?‚, ?Œ?€ï¿½?… � ?“� �������?ƒ?„��� �?€?Œ ?„� ���?„?ï¿½ ?„�?… ?ƒ?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? �����?€?„��? ?„?ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �???‰ �?€?Œ ?„�� ?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, � ?•?…�������� ?“�?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ����?…�����?, �� �?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ����?ƒï¿½?‚ �������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ ?„� �?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?Žï¿½ï¿½?„� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„� ���?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„���� ��� �� ������?‚ ?„�?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?… ��� ?„�?… �?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�? ?€ï¿½?… �?€?Œ ?„� ����� �??‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?„�?„� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„??Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†? �?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���?Œ ?„�?…?‚ ������?„��?Œ ?…?€?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �� ?„�� ���?€?„?…�� ?„�?… ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��� ������??‰?„���? ����?ƒï¿½ï¿½?.
? ? ? ??ˆ?„?ƒï¿½ � ?“���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?, � ���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ???‰ï¿½?‚ ?„�?… Jonathan Swift (1667 ?– 1745), ?ƒ?’ ��� �?€?Œ ?„� ?„������ ?„�?… �� ?†?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?›ï¿½?€ï¿½??„�, ��� ��?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ��?‰?ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��?„��? ��?‚ ��� �?…?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? (� ?ƒ?…�����?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚ ����� ?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½?Œï¿½ ?€?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ?€?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½??‚) ��� ?€ï¿½?… �������?„�� �?€?Œ ������?„���??‚. ?Ÿï¿½ ��?„����� ?„�?… ��?ƒï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„� ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ �?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�?…?‚ ?„�?ƒ?ƒï¿½?ï¿½?‚ �����?…?‚ ?„�?… Quadrivium, ?“�?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½, ?‘?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?, ?‘?ƒ?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?œï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?. �?Œ?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½? �?€ï¿½?ƒ?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� �� ?„�?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�������?‚ ���?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?€ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?…?‚ ?…?€ï¿½?‡?ï¿½?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½ ���?„�?ï¿½?ï¿½ ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ?‰?‚ �������? �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„��? �� ?„�?…?‚ �?…����?…� ?€?Œ?„� ?€?ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ �� ���??ƒï¿½?…� ? �� ���??ƒï¿½?…� ?‡?„?…?€?Žï¿½?„�?‚ ?„�?…?‚ ���?†?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?„?Œï¿½ï¿½ ? ?ƒ?„� �?…?„� ��?„�?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½. �� ?ï¿½??‡ï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ ����� �����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ƒ?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„� ���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ������� ?ƒï¿½ �������� ��?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‡?��?„�. ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ ?„� ?ƒ?€ï¿½?„�� ?„�?…?‚ ����� ����?‡?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?„���?Œ??ï¿½?€ï¿½ ���?„�, ?Œ?€?‰?‚ ��� � ���?„?‰ï¿½, �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ?„�� ?€?ï¿½ï¿½?„��? ?“�?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?„�� �� �?†ï¿½?ï¿½?Œ?ƒï¿½?…� ?„�?‚ ������?„���?‚ ?„�?…?‚ ��?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ������?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½??‚.
? ? ? ?��?ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?‰?‚ �?€?Œ ?„�� �����??‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½? �����?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�?…?‚ ������?„���??‚ ?€ï¿½?… �?€?Œ ?„�� �?€ï¿½?‡? ?„�?… ?‘?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����?„�� ?ƒ?„�?…?‚ ����?…?‚ �����?‚ �?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„� �� ?„� �� � ���� ����?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?…���?ƒ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?‰?€ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ?„�?… ?„����?„� ��� ?ƒ?„��, ��?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…�� ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �����??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. �??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� ?„�� ����?ƒï¿½, ����?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰?‚ ��� �?ƒ?…���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„� �?€ï¿½??ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?… �?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„�������?‚ ��������?‚ ?ƒ?„�� �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… �?ï¿½ï¿½?…. ?ˆ?„?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½? �� �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ �?…����?‚ ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„�?…?‚ ������?„���??‚ ?„�?‚ ?›ï¿½?€ï¿½??„�, � �?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Žï¿½ ����� ?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?? ?ƒ?„� �?…� ?€??Ž?„� ?„������ ?„�?… ?“���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?, ?ƒ?„� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½??„�?‰ï¿½ ��� ?„?‰ï¿½ ?œ?€??Œï¿½?€ï¿½?„�������. �?„�� ?€??Ž?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?€?„?‰?ƒï¿½ � ???‰ï¿½?‚ ��?…���� ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ ���?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… �?‡ï¿½?…� ��?ï¿½ï¿½?Ž?‚ ?„� ���� ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ���?„��� ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„��� �� ?„�?…?‚ ?ƒ?…����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?‚ ���??Ž?€ï¿½?…?‚ ���� ����� ?€ï¿½ï¿½?�?„� ?†ï¿½?ï¿½?‚ ���??Œ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½. �?„� ��??„�?ï¿½, � ?“���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ����� � ���?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ ?ƒï¿½ ��� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ �����?„?‰ï¿½. ?‘?…?„?Œ ?„� �??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?‚ ���?„??ï¿½?ƒï¿½?‚ ?„?‰ï¿½ ����?„??„?‰ï¿½ ?…?€?Œ ������� ?€ï¿½?… �� ?„� ������?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ����� ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ � ?’��?„��?ï¿½?‚ ��� ����� �?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„� �??„� �� ?„�� ?€??Œ?ƒ?†ï¿½?„� �?†ï¿½??ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��� �����?ƒï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?„���?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ��� ?„?‰ï¿½ ���?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½?‰ï¿½, �??„� �?…?ï¿½?‰?‚ �� ?„�� ���?€?„?…�� ?„�?… ?‘?€ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„���? ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½?. ?ˆ?‡ï¿½?…�� �����? ��� ?€??Ž?„� ?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?Œ?‡ï¿½ �?€ï¿½? ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ���� ����?ƒï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ �?†ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ������?„��?Žï¿½ �����?Žï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��� ?„� �?…??��?„�.
? ? ? ?��?ï¿½?€ï¿½?… �����?ƒï¿½ ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?Œ?„�?ï¿½ � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ������?„��?Žï¿½ ?ƒ?„� �?ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… Lewis Carroll ����� ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„��� ��� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?’����?‰?‚, ?„� �����?Œ?‚ ?Œ?„� ?€ï¿½?ƒ?‰ �?€?Œ ?„� ?ˆï¿½?…�?Žï¿½?…�� ?„�?… �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½? ?„�?‚ ?‘����?‚ ?ƒ?„� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ��?…��?„?‰ï¿½ (1865) �??ï¿½ï¿½?„�� � ������?„��?Œ?‚ Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, ���?„�?ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?„� ����?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��� ?„�?‚ ?Ÿï¿½?†?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Œ ??Œï¿½ï¿½. �?‰?ï¿½?‚ �� ����?„�� � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?? �?…���� ���?†ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…����?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��, ?‡?‰?ï¿½?‚ ������?‚ �?€?Œ ?„�?…?‚ ?†ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ƒ?„���??‚ ???‰ï¿½?‚ �� �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �� ?„�� �����, � ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Žï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ���� �??ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?ƒï¿½ ���� �?…?†?…��?Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ ���� �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†? ?„�?… �?Œï¿½ï¿½?… ����� ��?„���. ?‘� ��� ?…?€???‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½?‚ ����?‚ ����?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��?„���?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �� ?„� ��������?ï¿½ �� ������ ?Œ?„� ?„� �?…��?ƒ?„�??��?„� ?„�?… Carroll ����� ?„� ?€??Ž?„� ������?„� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��??‚ ?›ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚.
? ? ? ??•���?ƒï¿½ ?‡??Œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?Œ?„�?ï¿½, ?„� 1884, �?…���?†?Œ?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„� ���?„���?„ ?„�?… Edwin Abbot. ?•���� � �?€ï¿½?‡? ?€ï¿½?… ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� �� ����?ƒï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?‡ï¿½?„��� �� ?„�?‚ ��?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?ƒ?ƒï¿½??‰ï¿½ ���?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½, ��� ������?„��?Œ �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����?ï¿½?„��� - ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?ï¿½?Œ?„�?ï¿½ ?– ?‡???ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, �?…?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ ������?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?€?Œ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„������? �?€ï¿½?ˆï¿½, ���� ��� ?„� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?Œï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?Œ?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?‡ï¿½?…� ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �������?‰?ƒï¿½ �� ?„�?‚ ��?„���?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?��?‚ ��� �����?„�?…� ���?Œï¿½ï¿½?… ?€?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚. �� ����?Šï¿½ï¿½?…?„��� �?ï¿½?ï¿½ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?†ï¿½?‰ï¿½ ?Œ?€?‰?‚ � Charles Hinton ��� ��?„�?ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½?…� �� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…� �� �?ï¿½ï¿½?€?„� ?„??Œ?€ï¿½ ?„� ����. ?— ��?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ���?ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?‚ ?„� ?“�?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½, ?„�� �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?‡ï¿½ �������?Ž?ƒï¿½ï¿½ � ?•?…������?‚ �?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Žï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� ���� ��� ?†ï¿½?ï¿½. ?šï¿½ï¿½ ?„?Œ?„� � ��?ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��� ��������?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ Abbot �?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ��� ?€??‰?„�?†ï¿½ï¿½? ��� ?„� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?‡?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ˆï¿½: ?“?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½ ��� �?…��?ƒ?„?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ��?„?…��?ƒ?ƒï¿½?„�� ?ƒ?„� ?‡?Ž?ï¿½ ?„?‰ï¿½ �?ï¿½ ���?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½?‰ï¿½. ?‘?€?Œ ��?ƒï¿½?‰?‚ �?ƒ?‡?ï¿½?‚ � ?„?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�?„�?‚ �����?Ž?ƒ?„�?‚ ��?„����� ?„�?‚ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?€ï¿½?… �� ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?Œï¿½?„� �� ��?„���??ƒï¿½?…� ?„�� ?„?ï¿½?„� ���?ƒ?„�?ƒï¿½ ��� ?„�?‚ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ?„�?‚ ����?‚ ?„�?… �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ �� ?ƒ?…������ ?„�� ������ ?„�?‚ ?„�?„�??„�?‚. �?ƒ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ � ���?„���?„ ��� ����� ��� ����?…?†ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������ ?“�?‰ï¿½ï¿½?„?ï¿½ï¿½?‚. ?•���� ��� ������??‰ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?…���� ?€ï¿½?… ?ƒï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?…?ƒ?„��� ?�� ��� ����� ?„�?‚ ?’��?„?‰?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ ?‘�����?‚, ��� ?ƒï¿½?†?Ž?‚ ����?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?Œ ������� ?Œ?€ï¿½?… ?„� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��� ��?„�?ƒ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?„�� �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ��� �����?…?ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?…?„?Œ ?€ï¿½?… ���?€ï¿½?†?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„� �� ?‡ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?„�?ï¿½?ƒï¿½?…�� ?‰?‚ ?„� ?€??Ž?„� ������?„��?Œ �?…��?ƒ?„?Œ?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?— ���?„���?„ �����??ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½. ?œï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½ �?€?Œ ?ƒ?…��?ï¿½?†ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?ƒ?’ ?Œï¿½ï¿½ ?„� ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ����?ƒ?„�? ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ �?€ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �� �?ï¿½?ˆï¿½?…� ?„� ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½. ?•?€ï¿½?„?…?‡ï¿½?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ ?€?ï¿½?ƒ?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����� ��?„� ?„� ��?Žï¿½ï¿½ ��?‚ � ?€??Œ?ƒ?†ï¿½?„� ���?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„ ?„�?… ��??…?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ������?„���? Ian Stewart.
? ? ? ?�?ƒ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ � ����?ƒ?„?Œ?‚ ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?‚ ����� � ��?Žï¿½ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½??‚. ?— ����?ƒï¿½ ?„�?‚ ?•?€ï¿½?ƒ?„������??‚ ���?„�?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‚ ��??„?…?ï¿½ï¿½ ����?ˆï¿½?…?ƒ?„� ?Œ?„� � �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?�� ?€ï¿½?… ��?„?’ ���?‡?� �?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ?„�?…?‚ �?…��?€ï¿½ï¿½?ƒ?„�?‚ ?„�?‚ ?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚ ���?„��?„��?„��?‚ ����� � �?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?. �?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?‚, ���?ƒ?„����� ?„������, �����?, �?„����? ���?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½, ?„�����?„�?†ï¿½?ï¿½, ����?„���?ƒï¿½?Œ?‚, ���� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?„?Œ?‚ ��� ��??€ï¿½?ï¿½?„�?‚ ?†?…?ƒï¿½ï¿½?Œ?‚ �?Œï¿½ï¿½?‚ �?€ï¿½?ƒ?„?ï¿½?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?ƒ?„�� ?…?€ï¿½?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ï¿½ �?…?„�? ?„�?… ����?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½??‚ (��� ?Œ?‡ï¿½ ?€ï¿½ï¿½?„�?„� ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„����?) ����?„�?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½? ����?…?‚. �� ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„���, �?ƒ?‰?‚ �� ����?ï¿½?ƒï¿½ ��?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �?…��?ƒ?„�??��?„� ?„�?… ?‘?ƒï¿½ï¿½?‰?† ��� ?„�?… Gregory Benford �?‡ï¿½?…� ���?? �?‰?‚ ��� �?ƒ?���?„� ?ƒ?…���?ƒ?†ï¿½?ï¿½.
? ? ? ??Œï¿½?‰?‚ �?€?Œ ?„�?‚ �??‡ï¿½?‚ ?„�?‚ �����?„��?‚ ?„�?… 1990 �??‡ï¿½?ƒï¿½ �� ���?†ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„�� ��� ��?„�?ƒ?„?ï¿½?†?. ?— ?„�?ï¿½?ƒ?„�� ����?„��? �?€ï¿½?„?…?‡ï¿½ï¿½ ?€ï¿½?… ��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ �����?Ž?‚ ?€??Ž?„� ?Ÿ ����?‚ ��?„?ï¿½?‚ ��� � ����?ƒï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?“�?Œï¿½ï¿½?„�?€ï¿½?‡ ?„�?… ?‘?€?Œ?ƒ?„���?… ?”������ ��� ?ƒ?„� ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� ��?Ž?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„�?… ?€ï¿½?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?… ?„�?… ??„��� ?“��?„� ������� ?„�?…?‚ �?ï¿½?…��??‚ ���?‚ ?ƒ?…��?‡ï¿½??‚ ?ï¿½??‚ ������?„��?Žï¿½ �?…��?ƒ?„�?ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„?‰ï¿½ ��?Ž ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ � ���?„?ï¿½ï¿½? ?€ï¿½?ï¿½ï¿½?‰ï¿½?, ��?ƒ?„��?„��? ��?‡?ï¿½ ?„?Ž?ï¿½ ?ƒ?„� �� ������� ��� ?„?Œ?ƒï¿½ �??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?€?„���?€ï¿½ï¿½??ƒï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��?„�������� ?Œ?€?‰?‚ �?…?„?Œ ?„?‰ï¿½ ?œï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��?Žï¿½, ���?‡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ?„?Ž?ï¿½ �� ����?„�?€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½?„��.
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